awakenf火星世界杯双语阅读去火星的
在去火星的旅途上可以让宇航员进入冬眠状态
翻译：涂博士
欧洲航天局的科学家透露，将来在去火星的旅途上可以让宇航员进入冬眠状态，为此他们建议要进一步研究冬眠状态对大脑的影响。
An astronaut about to fly to the International Space Station - Roscosmos Press Office /TASS
领导这项研究的弗拉迪斯拉夫·维亚佐夫斯基（Vladyslav Vyazovskiy）教授说，长时间呆在密闭的航天器中可能会损害宇航员们的身心健康。
他说，如果将宇航员的身心置于一种“停滞状态”，那么可能可以减轻这些“巨大的影响”，但还需要作进一步的研究以确定冬眠状态对人的大脑会产生哪些可能的影响。
牛津大学神经科学副教授维亚佐夫斯基（Vyazovskiy）教授说：“冬眠是一种令人着迷的生物学现象。当动物冬眠时，它看起来就像在睡觉，所以人们有时会把冬眠与睡眠混淆起来，但冬眠和睡眠是根本不同的状态。”
“例如，想像一下你飞往火星的长途旅程，你这一路上需要携带多少燃料，水，空气。如果你在整个旅途上都是处于清醒状态的话，在这个高度封闭的环境里面生活这么长的时间，对于你的心理健康肯定会有巨大的不利影响。所以说在去火星的旅途中如果将宇航员置于一种停滞状态（冬眠）确实是有很多好处的。”
“因为冬眠是一种生理状态，动物在冬眠期间体内的生化过程变得非常缓慢，所以许多关于冬眠的研究都集中在冬眠期间身体的状态上面，但是很少有人研究冬眠下大脑的状况。冬眠中的大脑可能会经历类似于麻醉或类似睡眠或昏迷的状态，但是我们需要更多的研究来了解这种状态的真正的含义。”
冬眠是动物的长时间不运动，这段时间通常可以持续数月之久。在冬眠期间，动物的诸如新陈代谢和呼吸频率之类的生理功能会显著慢下来，体温也会降下来。
与冬眠不同，睡眠是持续数小时而不是数月的温和的休息状态，在此期间身体的生理功能不会发生很大变化。
维亚佐夫斯基（Vyazovskiy）教授说：“冬眠是自然界的一种普遍现象，许多动物都有冬眠。”
“我们知道一些灵长类动物能够冬眠。因此，我想不到人类有什么特别之处所以无法冬眠。我们只需要找到这个可以让人冬眠的秘密。”
“我们可以通过使用药物来人为地使人进入冬眠状态，但是我认为这不是最有前途的方法。我们应该向其它动物物种学习，看它们是如何自发地触发冬眠这个过程。动物们知道这个窍门，但是出于我们目前还不知道的原因，我们人类现在失去了自发冬眠的能力。”
在开始阅读英文原文之前，请先复习下列核心词汇：
astronaut - n. 宇航员
hibernation - n. 冬眠
Mars - n. 火星
reveal - v. 揭示，透露
coop - v. 拘禁，关进
cooped up - adj. 被禁锢的，被困住的
confine - v. 限制，限定
spacecraft - n. 航天器
physical - adj. 身体的，肉体的
mental - adj. 思想的，精神的
implication - n. 可能的影响，含意
mitigate - v. 减轻，缓和
fascinating - adj. 极有吸引力的，迷人的
biological - adj. 生物的，生物学的
phenomenon - n. 现象
state - n. 状态
stasis - n. 停滞，静止
state of stasis - 停滞状态
anesthesia - n. 麻醉
comatose - adj. 不省人事的，昏迷的
extend - v. 扩大，延长，延期
extended - adj. 延长了的，扩展了的
inactivity - n. 不活动
last - v. 持续，长久
physiological - adj. 生理学上的
metabolic - adj. 新陈代谢的，代谢的
respiratory - adj. 呼吸的
widespread - adj. 普遍的，广泛的
promisting - adj. 有希望的，有前途的
approach - n. 方式，方法
spontaneously - adv. 自发，自然，自动地
reason - n. 原因
在复习了以上词汇后，请将下面的英文原文一口气读完，不要在中途停下来去查那些不认识的单词。有了上面的核心单词打底，你完全可以将整篇文章读完并且理解里面的大致意思。记住，你只要做到大致明白就可以了。
阅读能力和阅读量成正比，要提高阅读量，必须是大量的泛读，如果要对每个不懂的单词都去查字典，那么就不可能通过大量的泛读来提高你的阅读量。
这篇英语原文是《涂博士原版听读写辅导课》直播班上用来训练学员快速阅读的文章之一。能够快速阅读各个领域的原版文章并找出文中的核心内容，是真正学好英语的最最基础的技能之一，另一个最最基础的技能就是听得懂原版的广播。有了这两个最最基础的技能打底，学员就可以利用好网上大量的原版英语文章和听力资源，不出国就可以把自己沉浸在英语的环境当中。在建立起强大的语感之后，口语和写作能力都会自然成长起来。
如果你对某篇泛读文章特别喜欢，可以在泛读一遍以后再慢慢地精读。如果在精读的过程中对某些句子不是太明白需要讲解，或者你希望以后多看到哪方面的双语阅读，请直接联系涂博士。
Astronauts could be put into hibernation to travel to Mars
Phoebe Southworth
The Telegraph
Astronauts could be put into hibernation to travel to Mars, European Space Agency scientists have revealed, as they call for further research on its impact on the brain.
Being cooped up in a confined spacecraft for a long period of time could take its toll on their physical and mental health, according to Prof Vladyslav Vyazovskiy, who is leading the research.
He said these "huge implications" could be mitigated if astronauts were put into a "state of stasis", and said further investigation is needed to establish what effect this might have on their brains.
"Hibernation is a fascinating biological phenomenon. Sometimes it is confused with sleep because when an animal is hibernating it looks like it is sleeping, but it's a fundamentally different state," said Prof Vyazovskiy, an associate professor of neuroscience at Oxford University.
"Imagine you had to take a very long-haul flight to Mars, for example, and how much fuel, water supply, air you'd need to take along. If you were awake all the time, there are also huge implications for mental health, spending so much time in a highly confined environment - so it would be really advantageous to put the astronauts in a state of stasis.
"A lot of research on hibernation has focussed on the body because it is a physiological state and biochemical processes in the body are slowed down, but very little has looked into what happens to the brain in this state. The brain could experience something similar to anesthesia or a sleep-like or comatose state, but we need more research to know what it means to be in this state."
Hibernation is an extended period of physical inactivity often lasting months, during which physiological functions such as metabolic and respiratory rate slow down significantly and the body temperature drops.
In contrast, sleep is a gentle resting state lasting hours rather than months, during which these physiological functions do not change to such a great extent.
"Hibernation is a widespread phenomenon and many animals hibernate," said Prof Vyazovskiy.
We know that some primates are able to. So I can't think what is special about humans that means they can't hibernate. We just need to find the secret.
"We can produce an artificial state of hibernation by administering drugs, but I don't think this is the most promising approach. We should learn from other animal species and how they trigger that process spontaneously - they know the trick but we have lost it for reasons we don't know yet."
